Table 1 Meta-analytical prevalence of baseline comorbid mental disorders in CHR-P individuals.

From: Meta-analytic prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis: the case for transdiagnostic assessment

Outcome	Prevalence	95 % CI		Q	I²	Tau²	N of studies	Subjects	Meta-regression with sample size
Outcome	Prevalence	95 % CI		Q	I²	Tau²	N of studies	Subjects	Beta	95% CI		P value
Any non-psychotic mental disorder	0.78	0.73	0.82	58.23	51.92	0.01	29	4032	n.s.
Anxiety/mood disorder	0.60	0.36	0.84	20.46	90.23	0.04	3	413	n.s.
Any mood disorder	0.44	0.39	0.49	315.54	85.11	0.02	48	4917	n.s.
Any depressive disorder/episode	0.38	0.33	0.42	383.71	87.23	0.02	50	6518	<0.001	0.000	0.001	0.018
Any anxiety disorder	0.34	0.30	0.38	786.10	91.35	0.03	69	7834	n.s.
Major depressive disorder	0.30	0.25	0.35	319.47	89.36	0.02	35	4111	n.s.
Any trauma disorder	0.29	0.08	0.51	53.15	96.24	0.03	3	480	n.s.
Any personality disorder	0.23	0.17	0.28	453.61	95.93	0.02	24	2523	n.s.
Sexual trauma	0.22	−0.02	0.47	14.57	93.14	0.03	2	292	d.n.a.
Any pervasive developmental disorder	0.15	0.07	0.23	0.09	0.00	0.00	2	87	d.n.a.
Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders	0.14	0.06	0.23	0.15	0.00	0.00	2	76	d.n.a.
Social anxiety disorder (or social phobia)	0.14	0.11	0.16	135.31	78.57	0.00	30	4134	n.s.
ADHD	0.13	0.09	0.17	161.84	85.79	0.01	24	2326	n.s.
Any behavioral disorder	0.13	0.04	0.22	18.52	78.40	0.01	5	436	n.s.
Cannabis use disorder	0.13	0.10	0.16	207.99	88.46	0.01	25	3119	n.s.
Pervasive developmental disorder NOS	0.12	0.01	0.24	13.28	84.94	0.01	3	198	n.s.
Schizotypal personality disorder	0.12	0.09	0.14	327.29	89.61	0.00	35	3819	n.s.
Phobias NOS	0.12	0.07	0.16	0.62	0.00	0.00	2	185	d.n.a.
Any substance use disorder	0.11	0.09	0.13	304.62	85.56	0.00	45	4897	n.s.
Avoidant personality disorder	0.11	0.07	0.14	44.73	79.88	0.00	10	1336	n.s.
Borderline personality disorder	0.10	0.07	0.14	158.24	89.26	0.00	18	2005	n.s.
Conduct disorder	0.10	0.05	0.14	53.04	81.15	0.00	11	919	n.s.
ODD	0.09	0.04	0.13	65.95	87.87	0.00	9	1546	n.s.
Panic disorder	0.08	0.06	0.10	165.42	83.68	0.00	28	3757	<0.001	0.000	0.000	0.022
GAD	0.08	0.06	0.10	79.46	69.80	0.00	25	3660	n.s.
Any neurodevelopmental disorder	0.08	0.03	0.12	67.01	91.05	0.00	7	1040	n.s.
Anxiety disorder NOS	0.08	0.05	0.10	83.88	83.33	0.00	15	2217	n.s.
Alcohol use disorder	0.08	0.05	0.10	184.94	88.10	0.00	23	2780	n.s.
Depressive disorder NOS	0.07	0.04	0.10	88.26	85.27	0.00	14	1801	n.s.
OCD	0.07	0.06	0.08	125.75	63.13	0.00	47	5717	n.s.
Substance use disorder NOS	0.07	0.03	0.10	82.22	92.70	0.00	7	1707	n.s.
Specific phobia	0.06	0.05	0.08	66.47	74.42	0.00	18	3104	n.s.
Paranoid personality disorder	0.06	0.03	0.09	19.11	63.38	0.00	8	973	n.s.
Other disorders NOS	0.06	0.04	0.08	124.90	84.79	0.00	20	3252	n.s.
Obsessive personality disorder	0.06	0.03	0.09	14.84	66.32	0.00	6	859	<0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000
Relational disorder	0.05	−0.03	0.13	2.85	64.97	0.00	2	246	d.n.a.
Dysthymia	0.05	0.04	0.06	42.34	40.96	0.00	26	3635	n.s.
PTSD	0.05	0.04	0.07	131.48	75.66	0.00	33	4395	n.s.
Learning disorder	0.05	0.03	0.07	5.07	60.53	0.00	3	1149	<0.001	0.000	0.000	0.032
Mood disorder NOS	0.05	0.01	0.08	27.24	85.31	0.00	5	786	n.s.
Adjustment disorder	0.05	0.03	0.06	86.94	74.69	0.00	23	2492	n.s.
Other bipolar disorder (e.g. BD-NOS, BD-II)	0.04	0.03	0.05	117.70	74.51	0.00	31	4073	n.s.
Schizoid personality disorder	0.04	0.02	0.06	24.96	55.94	0.00	12	1195	n.s.
Agoraphobia	0.04	0.02	0.05	74.66	78.57	0.00	17	2939	n.s.
Stimulants use disorder	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.14	0.00	0.00	2	199	d.n.a.
Personality disorder NOS	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.76	0.00	0.00	3	564	n.s.
Hypochondriasis	0.03	0.00	0.07	14.44	79.23	0.00	4	405	n.s.
Autism spectrum disorder	0.03	0.01	0.05	20.48	56.06	0.00	10	1475	n.s.
Dependent personality disorder	0.03	0.01	0.05	9.81	59.24	0.00	5	801	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000	0.020
Dissociative disorders	0.03	0.02	0.04	4.51	0.00	0.00	8	791	n.s.
Antisocial personality disorder	0.03	0.00	0.05	14.02	71.46	0.00	5	791	n.s.
Bipolar disorder type I	0.03	0.02	0.04	21.20	29.25	0.00	16	2317	n.s.
Any eating disorder	0.03	0.02	0.03	49.82	41.79	0.00	30	3843	n.s.
Somatoform disorders	0.02	0.01	0.03	50.09	58.08	0.00	22	3309	n.s.
Histrionic personality disorder	0.02	−0.00	0.02	5.63	46.74	0.00	4	772	n.s.
Body dysmorphic disorder	0.02	0.01	0.03	2.31	0.00	0.00	7	706	n.s.
Impulsive control disorder	0.02	−0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	2	189	d.n.a.
Narcissistic personality disorder	0.01	0.00	0.03	2.63	24.08	0.00	3	643	n.s.
Binge-eating disorder	0.01	−0.00	0.03	3.12	35.96	0.00	3	430	n.s.
Cocaine use disorder	0.01	−0.00	0.03	14.90	79.86	0.00	4	1486	n.s.
Amphetamines use disorder	0.01	−0.00	0.03	12.87	84.46	0.00	3	1457	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000	0.029
Polysubstance use disorder	0.01	−0.00	0.03	12.83	68.82	0.00	5	1361	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000	0.0199
Eating disorder NOS	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.11	0.00	0.00	4	911	n.s.
Opioid use disorder	0.01	−0.00	0.03	0.57	0.00	0.00	3	223	n.s.
Depressive personality disorder	0.01	−0.01	0.02	0.55	0.00	0.00	2	158	d.n.a.
Trichotillomania	0.01	−0.01	0.02	0.73	0.00	0.00	2	187	d.n.a.
Cyclothymia	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.59	0.00	0.00	2	804	d.n.a.
Bulimia	0.00	−0.00	0.01	7.80	23.04	0.00	7	1397	−0.000	−0.000	0.000	0.038
Hallucinogen use disorder	0.00	−0.00	0.01	3.96	24.19	0.00	4	1209	n.s.
Anorexia nervosa	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.88	0.00	0.00	6	1410	n.s.

CHR-P clinical high risk for psychosis, K number of studies, N sample size, n.s not significant, d.n.a. does not apply.

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Table 1 Meta-analytical prevalence of baseline comorbid mental disorders in CHR-P individuals.

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