Fig. 6: Glutathione-reduced ethyl ester (GSH-EE) treatment replenishes the low GSH levels in AS NPCs.

A AS NPCs show lower total glutathione levels than WT NPCs. The glutathione luminescence signal is normalized to MTS absorbance. N = 3 and N = 5 for WT and AS NPCs, respectively. B AS NPCs show markedly lower levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), which were significantly restored following 48 h treatment with 0.5 mM GSH-EE. N = 5 and N = 4 for WT and AS NPCs, respectively. Data are presented in means ± SEM (for A: *p < 0.05 in t-test, and for B: ns= non-significant, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 in two-way ANOVA).