Fig. 2: Estimated cumulative incidence of any mental disorder (%) between ages 16 and 38 across levels of standardized school achievement at age 16.

The mean school grades were standardized as z-scores (mean 0, SD 1), and a five-level scale is used: −2SD (≤−2SD); −1SD (>−2SD – ≤−1SD); 0 (>−1SD – <1SD); 1SD (≥1SD – <2SD); 2SD (≥2SD).