Table 1 List of selected gray-level size zone matrix (GLSZM) texture features.

From: MRI textural plasticity in limbic gray matter associated with clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy for psychosis

Feature name

Formula [35, 36]

Description [35, 36]

High gray level zone emphasis

\({HGLZE}=\,\frac{{\sum }_{i=1}^{{N}_{g}}{\sum }_{j=1}^{{N}_{s}}{{\bf{P}}}(i,j){i}^{2}}{{N}_{z}}\)

Distribution of the higher gray-level values

Large area emphasis

\({LAE}=\,\frac{{\sum }_{i=1}^{{N}_{g}}{\sum }_{j=1}^{{N}_{s}}{{\bf{P}}}(i,j){j}^{2}}{{N}_{z}}\)

Distribution of large area size zones

Small area emphasis

\({SAE}=\,\frac{{\sum }_{i=1}^{{N}_{g}}{\sum }_{j=1}^{{N}_{s}}\frac{{{\bf{P}}}(i,j)}{{j}^{2}}}{{N}_{z}}\)

Distribution of small size zones

Gray level variance

\({GLV}=\,\mathop{\sum}\limits _{i=1}^{{N}_{g}}\mathop{\sum}\limits _{j=1}^{{N}_{s}}p(i,j){(i-\mu )}^{2}\)

Variance in gray level intensities for the zones

Large area low gray level emphasis

\({LALGLE}=\,\frac{{\sum }_{i=1}^{{N}_{g}}{\sum }_{j=1}^{{N}_{s}}\frac{{{\bf{P}}}(i,j){j}^{2}}{{i}^{2}}}{{N}_{z}}\)

Proportion in the image of the joint distribution of larger size zones with lower gray-level values

  1. \({N}_{g}\) Number of discrete intensity values in the image.
  2. \({N}_{s}\) Number of discrete zone sizes in the image.
  3. \({N}_{z}\) Number of zones in the ROI.
  4. \({{\bf{P}}}(i,j)\) Size zone matrix.
  5. \(p(i,j)\) Normalized size zone matrix.