Fig. 4: Heartbeat Detection Task, Cortical and Behavioral Measurements.
From: Altered processing of self-produced sensations in psychosis at cortical and spinal levels
A Main effect of group for HEP (Monte Carlo permutation test): Comparing controls (teal) and patients (purple). B HEP intra-group comparison: Controls (left) and patients (right). Interoception (red) vs. exteroception (blue). C HEP intra-condition comparison: Interoception (left) and exteroception (right). Patients (purple) vs. controls (teal). Mean modulations shown with standard error of the mean (SEM, shadowed lines). Significant time windows marked with yellow shading. Topographical maps highlight activity differences at indicated time points. D Interoceptive accuracy: Mean distance indices for patients (red) and controls (blue). Interoception (triangles) vs. exteroception (circles) show significant main effect of group and condition, and interaction effects (repeated measures ANOVA). Controls had higher accuracy than patients in interoception (post-hoc Tukey test). No group differences in exteroception. Both groups had better exteroception accuracy versus interoception. Error bars represent SEM.
