Table 1 Participant demographics and self-report outcomes.

From: Altered processing of self-produced sensations in psychosis at cortical and spinal levels

Basic Demographics

Controls

Patients

Test outcome

Significance

Effect size

Gender

15 F/20 M

15 F/20 M

χ2 (1) = 0.0

p = 1.000

V = 0.000

Age

35.7 (9.3)

35.5 (7.4)

U = 624.0

p = 0.897

d = 0.239

BMI

24.3 (4.3)

29.2 (6.1)

t (68) = −3.882

p < 0.001*

d = 0.264

Handedness

  

χ2 (2) = 5.581

p = 0.061

V = 0.282

Right

34 (97.1%)

28 (80%)

   

Left

0 (0%)

4 (11.4%)

   

Ambidextrous

1 (2.9%)

3 (8.6%)

   

Education

  

χ2 (2) = 7.921

p = 0.019*

V = 0.336

Primary

0 (0%)

6 (17.1%)

   

Secondary

13 (37.1%)

15 (42.9%)

   

Tertiary

22 (62.9%)

14 (40%)

   

Occupation

  

χ2 (2) = 22.2

p < 0.001*

V = 0.588

Unemployed / sick

0 (0%)

18 (51.4%)

   

Student

10 (28.6%)

5 (14.3%)

   

Working

25 (71.4%)

12 (34.3%)

   

Questionnaires

MAIA

101.5 (21.5)

87.4 (18.3)

t (68) = 2.952

p = 0.004*

d = 0.706

MAIA: Noticing

3.6 (0.8)

3.2 (0.9)

t (68) = 1.964

p = 0.054

d = 0.469

Maia: Non-distracting

2.4 (0.8)

2.1 (0.8)

t (68) = 1.787

p = 0.078

d = 0.427

MAIA: Non-worrying

3.1 (0.9)

2.3 (1.2)

t (68) = 2.941

p = 0.004*

d = 0.703

MAIA: Attention regulation

3.2 (0.9)

2.9 (0.9)

t (68) = 1.243

p = 0.218

d = 0.297

MAIA: Emotional awareness

3.4 (0.9)

2.9 (1.1)

t (68) = 2.024

p = 0.047

d = 0.484

MAIA: Self-regulation

3.0 (1.0)

2.5 (1.1)

t (68) = 1.927

p = 0.058

d = 0.461

MAIA: Bodily listening

2.5 (1.1)

2.5 (1.2)

t (68) = 0.244

p = 0.808

d = 0.058

MAIA: Trusting

3.8 (1.0)

3.0 (1.4)

U = 823.5

p = 0.013

rrb = 0.344

STQ

37.2 (9.1)

44.1 (14.0)

U = 442.5

p = 0.046*

rrb = −0.278

EQ

46.1 (13.0)

41.4 (12.8)

t (68) = 1.510

p = 0.136

d = 0.361

SP: Low Registration

28.5 (5.6)

33.9 (7.5)

U = 335.0

p = 0.001*

rrb = −0.453

SP: Sensation Seeking

42.6 (5.9)

41.1 (7.5)

t (68) = 0.905

p = 0.369

d = 0.216

SP: Sensation Sensitivity

33.1 (5.6)

37.9 (9.5)

U = 406.5

p = 0.016

rrb = −0.336

SP: Sensation Avoiding

36.1 (7.1)

40.7 (9.1)

t (68) = −2.401

p = 0.019

d = −0.574

SP: Touch processing

28.6 (4.1)

30.4 (6.6)

U = 522.5

p = 0.292

rrb = −0.147

  1. Demographics and questionnaire results, compared between groups. Test outcome denotes which analysis was done for each variable. The Multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA) subscales and Sensory profile (SP) subscales were corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni-Holm correction.
  2. STQ social touch questionnaire, EQ emotional quotient.
  3. *Significant difference.