Fig. 3: Differences between clinical and healthy control (HC) groups in directional interactions between amygdala, PAG and the salience network regions.

A Differences in modulatory connectivity between clinical and HC that demonstrated strong evidence (posterior probability 0.99). Dashed red arrow indicates weaker inhibitory modulation, while blue dashed arrow indicates weaker excitatory modulation. B The change from average PAG-aINS connectivity (i.e., the context-independent coupling, left column) to modulation of PAG-aINS connectivity by negative emotional salience processing (right column), in clinical (orange) and HC (turquoise) groups. C The change from average AMG-PAG connectivity (left column) to modulation of AMG-PAG connectivity by negative emotional salience processing (right column), in clinical (orange) and HC (turquoise) groups. aINS anterior insula, AMG amygdala, dACC dorsal anterior cingulate, PAG periaqueductal gray, vlPFC ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. L, left; R, right.