Fig. 4: Leave-one-out cross validation of parametric empirical bayes (PEB) effects on PAG-to-aINS modulation during negative emotion processing.

Orange depicts clinical and turquoise depicts healthy controls (HC) participants. Left: The out of sample estimates (black bold line) across participants with 90% credible interval (shaded area). Right: The correlation between observed and predicted values for A Diagnostic status (clinical vs HC), B mean-centred SQRT Total DASS scores, C DASS depression subscale scores, D DASS stress subscale scores. DASS Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. aINS anterior insula, PAG periaqueductal gray, SQRT square root transformed.