Table 2 Breakdown of primary outcome phenotypes associated with stress exposure in adolescent rodents (n = 60).

From: Are behavioural and inflammatory profiles different according to type of stressor, developmental stage, and sex in rodent models of depression? A systematic review

Outcome measure	Total number of studies measuring the outcome of interest (% total studies with specific outcome of significant increase ▴ or decrease ▾)	Number of studies with specific outcome of ▴Significantly increased^a ▾Significantly decreased^a - No significant difference^a
		UCMS/CMS/ CVS (n = 47)			Restraint Stress (n = 7)			CSDS/SDS/RSDS (n = 4)			Maternal Stress (n = 2)
		▴	▾	-	▴	▾	-	▴	▾	-	▴	▾	-
Pro-inflammatory cytokines – protein levels
IL-1β	48 (▴98%)	42	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0
IL-1β (cleaved)	1 (▴100%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-6	45 (▴93%)	33	0	1	6	0	1	4	0	2	1	0	0
IL-8	1 (▴100%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-17A	1 (▴100%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-18	8 (▴100%)	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-33	1 (▴0%)	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MCP-1	2 (▴100%)	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TNF-α	49 (▴98%)	39	0	0	6	0	1	1	0	0	2	0	0
Pro-inflammatory cytokines – RNA levels
IL-1β	18 (▴100%)	17	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
IL-6	12 (▴100%)	10	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
IL-18	5 (▴100%)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CCL-1	3 (▴100%)	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CCL-2	1 (▴100%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CXCL-1	3 (▴100%)	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TNF-α	20 (▴95%)	16	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0
Anti-inflammatory cytokines – protein levels
IL-1ra	1 (▾100%)	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-9	1 (▾0%)	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-10	7 (▾100%)	0	6	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-24	1 (▾0%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IL-37	1 (▾0%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TGF-β	2 (▾100%)	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anti-inflammatory cytokines – RNA levels
IL-10	6 (▾67%)	1	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TGF-β	4 (▾50%)	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cytokines that have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties – protein levels
CX3CL1	2 (▴0%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
CXCL12	1 (▴100%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TH1 cytokines – protein levels
IFN-β	1 (▴100%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
IFNγ	2 (▴50%)	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
TH1 cytokines – RNA levels
IFNγ	1 (▴100%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TH2 cytokines – protein levels
IL-4	2 (▾50%)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TH2 cytokines – RNA levels
IL-4	5 (▾20%)	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

The number of studies exceeds the number of publications included in the review as several studies include multiple outcomes, such as investigations employing various versions of stress exposure but conducted within the same publication. Maternal stress includes maternal care deprivation (n = 1) and maternal sleep deprivation stress (n = 1).
Stress types: CDS chronic defeat stress, CMS chronic mild stress, CSDS chronic social defeat stress, CVS chronic variable stress, RSDS repeated social defeat stress, SDS social defeat stress, UCMS unpredictable chronic mild stress. Biological: CCL chemokine ligand, CXCL CXC chemokine ligand, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein, RNA ribonucleic acid, TNF tumour necrosis factor, TGF transforming growth factor, TH T helper.
^aRelative to stress-free control rodents.

Back to article page

Table 2 Breakdown of primary outcome phenotypes associated with stress exposure in adolescent rodents (n = 60).

Search

Quick links