Fig. 3: Metabolic alterations of OXPHOS and glycolysis in BD iAstrocytes.

a Analyzing metabolic state of iAstrocytes and NPCs of control subjects and BD patients using the Seahorse XF96 analyzer (n = 6 for Ctrl iAstrocytes and BD iAstrocytes, n = 4 for all NPCs except BD NPCs of Li-NR3, n = 3 for BD NPCs of Li-NR3). b Relative OCR/ECAR ratio of iAstrocytes and NPCs. c Relative OCR ratios of iAstrocytes and NPCs. d Relative PER ratios of iAstrocytes and NPCs. e Relative ATP production rate ratios of iAstrocytes and NPCs. f Metabolic states of iAstrocytes from Li-R groups pre- and post-lithium treatment (n = 3). g Relative lactate release ratios of iAstrocytes (n = 4). h Relative lactate release ratios of iAstrocytes of Li-R groups pre- and post-lithium treatment (n = 3). i Percentage of glutamate uptake of iAstrocytes of control subjects and BD patients (n = 3).