Fig. 2: Effects of acute treatment with haloperidol on PSD outcomes.

(a) A heatmap was employed to describe the modulation of each molecule across different brain regions. The color codes the effect size, with positive values in red and negative values in blue. Yellow stars were used to mark significant values. (b) A spatial representation of brain regions modulated by acute treatment with haloperidol was employed in the SIGMA rat brain template. Effect sizes are coded in red or blue to depict only significant values. Notably, acute haloperidol significantly affected the ventral and dorsal striatum by increasing IEGs levels, whereas it reduced Arc mRNA levels in frontal areas. Effects on sensory-motor areas were not preserved after leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. To produce topographical representation of effect sizes, data from different molecules measured in the same brain region were pooled by adjusting for sample sizes. (c) Meta-regression revealed the significant relationship between IEGs levels in the dorsal striatum and haloperidol doses, with increased mRNA levels following higher drug doses. Effect sizes are represented on the y-axis, while drug doses are on the x-axis. Each dot represents an individual study with dimensions proportional to its weight (inverse of variance).