Fig. 6: Topological functional connectome in the psychotic brain.

To examine the topology of redundancy and synergy representations in NC, SZ, and BP, we plotted the connectograms of redundancy and synergy for each group as tree graphs. The intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) were represented as leaves on the tree, with the color spectrum corresponding to specific brain domains. Our analysis revealed that SZ and BP exhibited disrupted topological connection structures in the redundancy connectogram compared to NC, highlighting significant differences in the organization of brain networks associated with these psychotic conditions. In addition, we observed similar disruptions in the synergy connectograms, as shown in A. Taken together, these findings suggest that information integration and segregation are impaired in both SZ and BP, particularly within the sensorimotor (SM), visual (VI), high-cognitive (HC), and temporal (TP) domains. These disruptions highlight specific brain domains where connectivity patterns are altered in psychotic conditions, further emphasizing the complexity of network dynamics in SZ and BP. Furthermore, we conducted an analysis of high-order functional connectivity using information-theoretic methods based on total correlation, as shown in B with tree graphs. The edge weight represents the mutual information between ICNs and their contributions to local total correlation. The different colors of the ICNs correspond to distinct brain domains, while the solid black dot indicates the local total correlation, derived from the connected ICNs.