Fig. 1: Profiling of lncRNA following the microarray platform and their biotyping in the dlPFC of non-psychiatric control and MDD subjects.

A An expression heatmap showing normalized expression values of lncRNAs was determined across the sample based on a group-wise comparison between non-psychiatric controls (n = 41) and MDD subjects (n = 59). A cluster dendrogram has been added by clustering the 30 differentially expressed lncRNAs across the samples based on their hierarchical clustering following similarities in their expression pattern. B and C Volcano and MA-plots from microarray expression data analysis. Red dots indicate significantly upregulated lncRNAs from microarray data analysis results. D The stacked bar diagram displays the upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs, grouped by their respective biotypes. The biotyping included bidirectional, axon-sense overlapping, intergenic, intron-sense overlapping, intronic antisense, and natural antisense categories in MDD. E The stacked bar diagram displays the significantly upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs, grouped by their respective biotypes. The biotyping included bidirectional, axon-sense overlapping, intergenic, intron-sense overlapping, intronic antisense, and natural antisense categories in MDD. F Manhattan plot showing the expression log2 fold change (log2FC) of differentially expressed lncRNAs across various biotype classifications, illustrating the relationship between biotype and expression level in MDD.