Fig. 3: Cognitive control assessment.

Cognitive control performance was evaluated before and after 30 sessions of optimized multichannel, conventional, and sham tDCS using the CANTAB neuropsychological test battery for depression, which includes measures of working memory (A), sustained attention (B), and executive functioning (C). Asterisks indicate significant pre-post differences within groups, while colored floating squares indicate between-group differences (in this case, multichannel tDCS vs sham or conventional tDCS) at each time point. Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used for all pairwise comparisons, and error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). Note: SWM Spatial Working Memory, RVP Rapid Visual Processing, OTS One Touch Stockings of Cambridge, tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation.