Table 1 List of known microorganisms that produce AhR ligands

L. reuteri

Indole derivative^71,152

Lactobacillus murinus

Indole derivative¹⁵²

Lactobacillus taiwanensis

Indole derivative¹⁵²

Bacillus alvei

Indole derivative¹⁹⁴

Clostridium novyi

Indole derivative¹⁹⁵

Clostridium limosum

Indole derivative¹⁹⁶

Clostridium tetani

Indole derivative¹⁹⁵

Corynebacterium acnes

Indole derivative¹⁹⁷

Enterococcus faecalis

Indole derivative¹⁹⁸

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

Indole derivative¹⁹⁹

Bacteroides sp.

Indole derivative²⁰⁰

Citrobacter sp.

Indole derivative²⁰¹

E. coli

Indole derivative²⁰²

Flavobacterium sp.

Indole derivative²⁰³

Fusobacterium sp.

Indole derivative²⁰⁴

Haemophilus influenza

Indole derivative²⁰⁵

Kleibsella planticola

Indole derivative²⁰⁶

Shigella flexneri

Indole derivative²⁰⁷

Vibrio cholera

Indole derivative²⁰⁸

Lactobacillus bulgaricus OLL1181

Not yet identified AhR ligands¹⁵⁴

Kleibsella pneumonia

Indirubin, Indigo²⁰⁹

Malassezia

Trypthantrin²¹⁰

Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid¹⁶⁰

Malassezia

Malassezin²¹⁰

Malassezia

Indirubin²¹⁰

Providencia stuartii

Indirubin²⁰⁹