Fig. 1 | Mucosal Immunology

Fig. 1

From: A screen of Crohn’s disease-associated microbial metabolites identifies ascorbate as a novel metabolic inhibitor of activated human T cells

Fig. 1

Microbial metabolites screen identifies bioactive metabolites modulating CD4+ T-cell cytokine profile. a Schematic of screening and analytic strategies. Toxic: cell death observed at all tested conditions; potential bioactive: achieved MANOVA statistical significance cutoff; putative bioactive: significant effects in first round but not second round of screening, potentially due to donor-specific variation; validated bioactive: reproducible effects in two individuals (achieved statistical significance cutoff by two-way ANOVA test). b Aggregate cytokine response (negative logarithm of the association p values calculated from multivariate analysis of variance) to candidate metabolites. p < 0.0004 represents the significant threshold after Holm–Sidak correction for multiple comparisons (blue dots). c Categories of response to metabolites (% of all tested metabolites). d Summary heatmap of multiplex cytokine expression data for the 12 novel validated bioactive metabolites. We show metabolite-treated samples (rows) at the optimal bioactive concentration. Asterisks (*) highlight metabolites with dose-dependent effects. Four metabolites with dose-dependent effects are marked with an asterisk (*). CoA coenzyme A, HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A

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