Fig. 1

PAFR is synthesized through NF-κB signaling in response to TNFα. a SKCO15 model IECs treated with IFNγ (100 ng/ml) and TNFα (100 ng/ml). PTAFR mRNA levels were determined as a part of a GPCR PCR array. b SKCO15 or c primary human colonoids were treated with IFNγ (100 ng/ml) and/or TNFα (100 ng/ml). PTAFR mRNA levels were determined by qPCR. d SKCO15 cells were pre-incubated 30 min with 10 μg/ml of IgG or neutralizing anti-TNFα, neutralizing anti-IFNγ and a mix of both antibodies; cells then were treated with IFNγ (100 ng/ml) and TNFα (100 ng/ml). PTAFR mRNA levels were determined by qPCR. e SKCO15 model IECs were pre-incubated 30 min with vehicle or 1 μM Flavopiridol or 10 μM Bay 11–7082 and then treated with IFNγ (100 ng/ml), TNFα (100 ng/ml). PTAFR mRNA levels were determined by qPCR. f NF-κB p65 was silenced in SKCO15 cells. After 24 h, cells were treated with IFNγ (100 ng/ml) and TNFα (100 ng/ml) and PTAFR mRNA levels were determined by qPCR. Statistical comparisons performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison (***p < 0.001; mean ± SEM); NT vehicle control