Fig. 2: Levels of mucosal-associated Bacteroides vulgatus associate with gut sialyation and fucosylation during ART-suppressed HIV infection.

a A network shows correlations between hypo-sialylated T-antigen or fucosylated glycans (orange circles) and members of the mucosal-associated microbiome (purple circles). Correlations were obtained by binning data from the three gut locations and using linear mixed effects model coefficient tests. Red lines represent positive correlations and blue lines represent negative correlations. b Sequence alignment of five ASVs consistent with Bacteroides species that were identified in the gut biopsies with >1% relative abundance across samples and found in >20% of the samples. c qPCR analysis of the relative copy number of seven different Bacteroides species in the ileum. Lines and error bars represent mean and SEM. The numbers in brackets show the total number of samples positive/total number of samples tested. d Heatmap shows the correlations between the levels of Bacteroides vulgatus and levels of sialylated, T-antigen (hypo-sialylated), and fucosylated glycans. Correlations were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient tests. IL, ileum; RC, right colon; SC, sigmoid colon. Nominal p-values are reported.