Fig. 2: ADP facilitated colon production of IL-1β.

a WT mice were treated with 2.5% DSS for 7 days and received PBS or ADP (100 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage from day 1 to day 7, then the mice were sacrificed and 0.15 g colon sections were cultured in DMEM for 8 h. Secreted proinflammatory cytokines in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. b WT mice were treated with 2.5% DSS for 7 days and euthanized at day 7, 0.15 g colon sections were cultured in DMEM for 6 h and then stimulated with ADP (5 mM) for 2 h. Secreted proinflammatory cytokines in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. c LPS-primed BMDM cells were stimulated with indicated concentrations of ADP for 1 h, then production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was measured by ELISA. d LPS-primed BMDM cells were pretreated with 1 U/ml apyrase or not for 1 h and then stimulated with ADP (5 mM) for 1 h. Production of IL-1β was measured by ELISA. e 6-week-old mice were intraperitoneally primed with LPS (20 mg/kg) for 6 h and then intraperitoneally challenged with ADP (300 mg/kg) for 1 h. Production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in mouse serum was measured by ELISA. f 6-week-old mice were treated as in e and the survival of mice was recorded for 48 h. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant, ND not detected.