Fig. 6: Remote allergen challenge primes for respiratory allergic disease.

a Experimental timeline. OVA- or sham-sensitized mice were challenged with OVA or PBS, respectively, by oral gavage (b, c) or via skin (d) as described in Fig. 1a. Beginning 4 days after final allergen (or PBS) challenge, mice received six intranasal instillations of house dust mite (HDM) or PBS vehicle control, spaced over 2 weeks as indicated. Mice were sacrificed 1 day following the final HDM instillation. b Representative lung histology sections stained with H&E. Magnification ×200, scale bar 200 μm. c, d Assessment of BAL fluid revealed an increase in total BAL cells, and in BAL eosinophils (expressed as a percentage of total BAL leukocytes and as total eosinophils) in mice receiving prior OVA challenge to the gut (c) or skin (d). *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.005.