Fig. 2 | Neuropsychopharmacology

Fig. 2

From: Manipulation of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons modulates active coping to inescapable stress and anxiety-related behaviors in mice and rats

Fig. 2

Specific stimulation of the DRN serotonergic neurons induces antidepressant-like effect in mice. a One week after injection of smTPH2:ChETA or smTPH2:Venus in the DRN, immobility duration in the tail suspension test was examined in the presence of blue light illumination to the DRN. Blue light was applied at 20 Hz with 5 ms duration from 15 min before the test to the end of the test session. Data represent mean ± SEM of immobility duration throughout the test session (left) or in first and second half of the test session (right). n = 12 (Venus), 10 (ChETA) mice. **P < 0.01 vs. Venus (left: Venus, 173.8 ± 9.5 s, ChETA, 128.9 ± 12.6 s; unpaired t test; P = 0.009; right: Venus 0−3, 58.0 ± 5.4 s, Venus 3−6, 115.8 ± 6.0 s, ChETA 0−3, 49.6 ± 7.7 s, ChETA 3−6, 79.2 ± 9.6 s; two-way ANOVA; Interaction, F(1, 20) = 4.79, P = 0.041, Time, F(1, 20) = 45.98, P < 0.0001, Opto, F(1, 20) = 8.38, P = 0.009; Bonferroni posttests; 0−3, P > 0.05, 3−6, P < 0.01). b Representative heat map analysis of one animal in each group (left). One week after injection of smTPH2:ChETA or smTPH2:Venus in the DRN, distance traveled (center) and time in center zone (right) in the open field test were examined in the presence of blue light illumination to the DRN. Blue light was applied at 20 Hz with 5 ms duration from 15 min before the test to the end of the test session. Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 8 (Venus), 7 (ChETA) mice. *P < 0.05 vs. Venus. n.s.: not significant (distance traveled: Venus, 51.6 ± 5.1 m, ChETA, 36.9 ± 4.0 m; unpaired t test; P = 0.046, time in center zone: Venus, 87.4 ± 12.7 s, ChETA, 104.2 ± 13.8 s; unpaired t test; P = 0.384). c One day after the open field test, time in open arms in the elevated plus maze test was examined in the presence of blue light illumination to the DRN. Blue light was applied at 20 Hz with 5 ms duration from 15 min before the test to the end of the test session. Representative heat map analysis of one animal in each group (left). Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 8 (Venus), 7 (ChETA) mice (right). n.s.: not significant (Venus, 123.5 ± 35.5 s, ChETA, 137.2 ± 32.3 s; unpaired t test; P = 0.782). d One week after injection of smTPH2:eArchT or smTPH2:Venus in the DRN, immobility duration in the tail suspension test was examined in the presence of green light illumination to the DRN. Continuous green light was applied throughout the test session. Data represent mean ± SEM of immobility duration throughout the test session (left) or in the former and latter half of the test session (right). n = 7 (Venus), 9 (eArchT) mice. n.s.: not significant (left: Venus, 132.9 ± 24.6 s, eArchT, 153.9 ± 8.0 s; unpaired t test; P = 0.382; right: Venus 0−3, 49.4 ± 11.1 s, Venus 3−6, 84.2 ± 16.8 s, eArchT 0−3, 51.9 ± 6.6 s, eArchT 3−6, 103.4 ± 4.4 s; two-way ANOVA; Interaction, F(1, 14) = 1.34, P = 0.266, Time, F(1, 14) = 36.17, P < 0.0001, Opto, F(1, 14) = 0.82, P = 0.380; Bonferroni posttests; 0−3, t(14) = 0.182, P > 0.05, 3−6, t(14) = 1.374, P > 0.05). e Representative heat map analysis of one animal in each group (left). One week after injection of smTPH2:eArchT or smTPH2:Venus in the DRN, distance traveled (center) and time in center zone (right) in the open field test (600 s) were examined in the presence of green light illumination to the DRN. Continuous green light was applied throughout the test session. Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 5 (Venus), 7 (eArchT) mice. n.s.: not significant (distance traveled: Venus, 29.9 ± 5.7 m, eArchT, 37.5 ± 4.0 m; unpaired t test; P = 0.281, time in center zone: Venus, 114.1 ± 35.0 s, eArchT, 98.0 ± 10.1 s; unpaired t test with Welch’s correction; P = 0.682). f One day after the open field test, time in open arms in the elevated plus maze test (600 s) was examined in the presence of green light illumination to the DRN. Continuous green light was applied throughout the test session. Representative heat map analysis of one animal in each group (left). Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 6 (Venus), 8 (eArchT) mice (right). n.s.: not significant (Venus, 75.9 ± 16.1 s, eArchT, 53.3 ± 9.8 s; unpaired t test; P = 0.256)

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