Table 1 Study sample characteristics by diagnosis groups.

From: Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning: the role of depression, parental education, and polygenic predisposition

  

MDD

HC

 
 

N

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

p value

Demographics

 Sex (f/m)

760/457

336/211

 

424/246

 

0.506

 Age

1217

37.28

13.53

32.51

12.48

<0.001

 PE

1217

11.95

2.89

13.25

3.09

<0.001

Maltreatment

 CTQ sum

1217

46.13

15.99

32.13

8.31

<0.001

 CTQ EA

1217

11.26

5.22

6.96

2.86

<0.001

 CTQ PA

1217

7.07

3.35

5.55

1.55

<0.001

 CTQ SA

1217

6.35

3.19

5.22

1.15

<0.001

 CTQ EN

1217

13.39

5.30

8.25

3.52

<0.001

 CTQ PN

1217

8.07

3.21

6.15

1.79

<0.001

Cognitive measures

 Corsi A

1214

8.61

1.90

9.34

1.96

<0.001

 Corsi B

1214

8.03

1.94

8.90

1.73

<0.001

 LNST

1212

15.68

3.36

16.73

3.09

<0.001

 TMT A–B

1210

−32.60

22.35

−25.55

16.38

<0.001

 TMT A

1214

−26.36

10.24

−23.09

8.00

<0.001

 DSST

1215

55.58

12.52

64.35

11.45

<0.001

 d2

1211

166.59

43.64

191.04

42.85

<0.001

 VLMT A

1215

55.23

10.32

59.41

8.56

<0.001

 VLMT B

1214

13.02

3.10

13.83

1.95

<0.001

 MWT-B

1214

112.75

13.76

114.06

13.57

0.097

Polygenic scores

 MDD PGS

1217

0.10

0.94

−0.09

1.03

0.001

 EdA PGS

1217

−0.06

1.02

0.06

0.98

0.039

Depression severity

 HDRS

1212

9.85

7.55

1.43

2.13

<0.001

  1. A χ²-test was used to test for significance of group differences regarding sex and t tests were used to test for significance of group differences in other variables. Statistics are presented assuming unequal variances in groups as most dependent variables produced a significant Levene’s test. Both PGS’ are presented z-standardized. For all cognitive measures, higher scores represent better performance.
  2. MDD major depressive disorder, HC healthy controls, f female, m male, CTQ childhood trauma questionnaire, EA emotional abuse, PA physical abuse, SA sexual abuse, EN emotional neglect, PN physical neglect, PE parental education, Corsi A Corsi block tapping task forward, Corsi B Corsi block tapping task backward, LNST letter-number sequencing test, TMT trailmaking test (versions A and B), DSST digit symbol substitution test, d2 d2 test, VLMT verbal learning and memory test (VLMT A short-term memory, VLMT B long-term memory), MWT-B multiple choice vocabulary test B, PGS polygenic score, HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
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