Fig. 4: Rapid and long-term effects of a single ketamine injection on motivation and ventral hippocampal activity after stress. | Neuropsychopharmacology

Fig. 4: Rapid and long-term effects of a single ketamine injection on motivation and ventral hippocampal activity after stress.

From: Chronic social defeat stress impairs goal-directed behavior through dysregulation of ventral hippocampal activity in male mice

Fig. 4

a Schematic illustration of ketamine treatment. b The effects of ketamine treatment on behavior (base, n = 13 mice; saline, n = 13 mice; ketamine (day 1), n = 13 mice; ketamine (day 7), n = 13 mice) in the FR-5 task. *p < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney U-test with FDR correction). c, d The effect of ketamine treatment on Ca2+ activity in vCA1 during the FR-5 task (base, n = 13 mice; saline, n = 13 mice; ketamine (day 1), n = 13 mice; ketamine (day 7), n = 13 mice). Trace of averaged Ca2+ signals in which the duration between trigger points was normalized (g). Boxplot representing the averaged Ca2+ signal during TS-LP, LP-RD, and ITI periods of (c), respectively (h). *p < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney U-test with FDR correction). Bars represent the mean and lines represent the s.e.m. The shaded areas represent s.e.m. In box plots, the central mark indicates the median and the bottom and top edges of the box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. Whiskers denote the range.

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