Table 2 Summary of main study findings.

From: Normalization of impaired emotion inhibition in bipolar disorder mediated by cholinergic neurotransmission in the cingulate cortex

 

Behavioral findings

Imaging findings

Baseline

Emotion inhibition

↓ Accuracy; ↑ Reaction time

↓rh Caudate

Emotion recognition

–

↓lh Subgenual Cingulate Gyrus (BA24)

Physostigmine effects in BD (vs. Controls)

Emotion inhibition

↓ Accuracy

↑ lh/rh Dorsal Cingulate Cortices (BA31);

lh/rh Supramarginal Gyri (BA40)

Emotion recognition

–

↑ lh/rh Dorsal Cingulate Gyri (BA31);

lh/rh Supramarginal Gyri (BA40)

Physostigmine effects in HC (vs. placebo)

Emotion inhibition

–

↓ lh Superior Frontal Gyrus (BA8)

Emotion recognition

–

↓ lh Anterior Cingulate Cortex (BA32);

lh Superior Frontal Gyrus (BA8);

lh Supramarginal Gyrus (BA40);

rh Middle Occipital Gyrus (BA19);

rh Cerebellum

Physostigmine effects in BD (vs. placebo)

Emotion inhibition

↑ Accuracy; ↑ Reaction time

↑rh Anterior Cingulate Cortex (BA32);

rh Middle Frontal Gyrus (BA10)

Emotion recognition

–

↑rh Subgenual Cingulate Gyrus (BA24);

rh Superior Frontal Gyrus (BA46)

  1. Significant findings from the study are presented for functional activation and behavioural performance for emotion inhibition and recognition trials of negative emotions. BD Bipolar Disorder; HC Healthy Controls; “-” = not significant.
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