Fig. 1: Study experimental design, data analysis pipelines and key findings.
From: Not all smokers are alike: the hidden cost of sustained attention during nicotine abstinence
A In a within-subjects design with two scanning sessions, participants were nicotine sated (session 1) or ~48 hours abstinent (session 2). The inter-session interval averaged at 75 days (median 28 days). B During both MRI scans, participants performed a 25-minute Parametric Flanker Task (PFT). Cognitive control DEMAND is modulated via the number of conflicting stimuli flanking the target stimuli (no, low, medium, or high DEMAND). Based on the adjusted accuracy at the high DEMAND, participants were divided into two SUBGROUPs: Low task performers (LTP) and High task performers (HTP). C The task-evoked pipeline was used to identify brain regions showing greater differential response in high DEMAND for the [correct responses (–) errors of commission] for HTPs vs. LTPs. Using the task-regressed functional connectivity (FC) pipeline, these regions were used in a seed-based FC analysis (D) to identify seed-“target” dyads with FC SUBGROUP differences between STATEs. Finally, SUBGROUP STATE differences in FC and Errors of Omission (EOm) were related.
