Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample. Means ± standard deviations or N (%).

From: Circulating PACAP levels are associated with increased amygdala-default mode network resting-state connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder

Characteristics

Total (N = 89)

Assigned Female at Birth (N = 69)

Assigned Male at Birth (N = 20)

Assigned Sex Diff.

Age (years)

29.5 ± 8.6

28.35 ± 7.8

33.35 ± 10.24

p = 0.022

Race/Ethnicity (%)

   

p = 0.533

 Asian

7 (8%)

6 (9%)

1 (5%)

 

 Black

7 (8%)

7 (10%)

0

 

 Hispanic/Latino

6 (7%)

4 (6%)

2 (10%)

 

 Native American

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

0

 

 White

65 (73%)

50 (72%)

15 (75%)

 

 Bi-/multiracial

2 (2%)

1 (1%)

1 (5%)

 

 Missing

1 (1%)

0

1 (5%)

 

Gender (%)

   

-

 Female

65 (73%)

65 (94%)

0

 

 Male

19 (21%)

0

19 (95%)

 

 Non-binary or gender non-conforming

5 (6%)

4 (6%)

1 (5%)

 

Sex Assigned at Birth (female/male)

69/20

-

-

-

Medication (%)

   

p’s > 0.289

 SSRI

24 (27%)

19 (28%)

5 (25%)

 

 Mood Stabilizer

7 (8%)

6 (9%)

1 (5%)

 

 Antipsychotic

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

0

 

 Benzodiazepine

6 (7%)

3 (4%)

3 (15%)

 

 SNRI

4 (5%)

4 (6%)

0

 

 Tricyclic

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

0

 

 Stimulant

8 (9%)

6 (9%)

2 (10%)

 

 Anti-hypertensive

3 (3%)

3 (4%)

0

 

 Atypical Antidepressant

8 (9%)

7 (10%)

1 (5%)

 

 Anxiolytic

6 (7%)

4 (6%)

2 (10%)

 

PACAP (pM)

960.7 ± 766.9

1109.9 ± 786.9

445.9 ± 385.0

p < 0.001

PTSD Diagnosis (%)

59 (66.3%)

49 (71%)

10 (50%)

p = 0.080

CAPS Total

29.0 ± 10.3

30.6 ± 10.1

23.3 ± 9.2

p = 0.006

CAPS – Anxious Arousal

3.1 ± 2.0

3.4 ± 2.1

2.8 ± 1.9

p = 0.505

CAPS – Startle Response

1.3 ± 1.2

1.4 ± 1.3

1.0 ± 1.1

p = 0.189

LEC-5 Total

13.2 ± 8.3

12.8 ± 8.4

14.4 ± 7.9

p = 0.472

  1. PACAP pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, CAPS Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, LEC-5 Life Events Checklist for DSM-5.