Fig. 1: Acculturation factors projected onto Berry’s model of acculturation.

In Berry’s multidimensional model of acculturation (see Supplementary), not all four types may be present in any given population [93], which is reflected in our factor analyses. ASSIMILATION-INTEGRATION and ASSIMILATION-SEPARATION each project into two categories with Berry’s model of acculturation. Higher scores in either factor converge to higher assimilation, but lower scores on ASSIMILATION-INTEGRATION and ASSIMILATION-SEPARATION diverge to separation and integration, respectively. MARGINALIZED reflected only the marginalized type of acculturation.