Fig. 3: Effects of PACAP38 administration into the PVN on the behavioral stress response of rats exposed to the modified forced swim test. | Neuropsychopharmacology

Fig. 3: Effects of PACAP38 administration into the PVN on the behavioral stress response of rats exposed to the modified forced swim test.

From: PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Fig. 3: Effects of PACAP38 administration into the PVN on the behavioral stress response of rats exposed to the modified forced swim test.

A Schematic drawings of coronal sections of the rat brain showing the localization of the cannula tips within the PVN from rostral (−1.6 mm) to caudal (−1.88 mm) for bilateral microinjection of vehicle (white circles) and PACAP38 (black circles). B Intra-PVN microinjections of PACAP38 (150 and 15 pmol/site; n = 10 and 4) elicited significantly higher floating (passive coping) and reduced struggling (active coping) time compared to aCSF-injected controls (n = 6). No significant effects were found on the swimming behavior between PACAP38-injected rats and controls. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet's multiple comparison post hoc test).

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