Fig. 1: Functional connectivity changes evoked by intravenous ketamine administration.

A Segmented brain regions of interest highlighted on the coronal rat brain atlas. B Representative normalized time-series of cerebral blood volume signal in the left and right PrL at baseline and 10 min after ketamine administration. C Functional connectivity matrix at baseline. D Baseline correlations of the left PrL (IL) cortex with the contralateral functional homologous, the left and right IL (PrL), and subject-level mean of all the other segmented ROIs in the left and right hemisphere. *** corrected P < 0.001 in a two-tailed paired t-test. E Functional connectivity matrices at 10 min and 40 min post ketamine administration. F Functional connectivity changes in prefrontal cortical regions. * corrected P < 0.05; ** corrected P < 0.01; *** corrected P < 0.001 in the Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. Hedge’s g effect sizes (baseline vs 10 min): PrL-R – PrL-L: 0.92; IL-R – IL-L: 1.45; Cg1-R – Cg1-L: 0.64; Cg1-R – IL-R: −0.79; PrL-R – IL-L: 0.77; IL-R – NAcC-L: −0.78. Data presented as mean ± s.e.m. N = 18 rats, 9 female. IL infralimbic cortex, PrL prelimbic cortex, Cg1 cingulate area 1, M2 secondary motor cortex, M1 primary motor cortex, S1 primary somatosensory cortex, GI/DI granular/dysgranular insular cortex, AI anterior insular cortex, CPu caudate putamen, NAcC nucleus accumbens core, NAcSh nucleus accumbens shell.