Fig. 2: Ketamine functional connectivity changes depend on opioid receptor availability and biological sex.

A Rats were administered either vehicle (VEH) or naltrexone (NTX; 10 mg/kg) followed by ketamine (KET; 10 mg/kg, i.v.) after 10 min. Functional connectivity was quantified at the pre-ketamine baseline (−5 min) and 10 min post-ketamine administration. B P values from three-way ANOVA with treatment (within-subjects), time (within-subjects), and sex (between-subjects) factors stratified by ROI pair. N = 18 rats, 9 females. C Seed-based connectivity maps in male and female rats at baseline and at 10 min post-ketamine in the VEH + KET and NTX + KET conditions. The correlation maps were seeded in the medial prefrontal cortex (bilateral PrL and IL). The seed is shown as the white contour. Plots are mean of N = 9 male and N = 9 female rats. Scale bar: 1 mm. D, E Statistical parametric maps of the group-level seed-based correlation analyses. The t scores were calculated by contrasting the pixel-wise correlations in the VEH + KET condition at the 10 min time point vs. baseline (B) and in the NXT + KET vs. VEH + KET conditions at the 10 min time point (C). Statistically significant clusters are displayed overlaid on a power Doppler template. Two-tailed paired t-test, cluster-corrected P < 0.05.