Fig. 2: RRS increases pain-related aversion and anxiety-like responding post-surgery. | Neuropsychopharmacology

Fig. 2: RRS increases pain-related aversion and anxiety-like responding post-surgery.

From: Repeated restraint stress-induced increase in post-surgical somatosensory hypersensitivity and affective responding is mediated by β-adrenergic receptor activation and spinal NLRP3-IL1β signalling in male rats

Fig. 2: RRS increases pain-related aversion and anxiety-like responding post-surgery.

a Experimental design. The effect of RRS on (b) paw withdrawal threshold (von Frey) ###p <0.001 no RRS + sham vs. no RRS + paw incision, ***p <0.001 RRS + sham vs. RRS + paw incision, ++p <0.01 +++p <0.001 no RRS + paw incision vs RRS + paw incision. c Pain-related aversion (PEAP) and anxiety like behaviour in the (d) open field test (OFT), e elevated plus maze (EPM) and f light dark box (LDB). g Overall emotionality (z-score). n = 6–8 per group (*p <0.05, ***p <0.001, ***p <0. 001).

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