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Suicide attempt history, childhood trauma, and functional brain network alterations in major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional connectivity-based multivariate pattern analysis

Neuropsychopharmacology volume 51, pages 759–768 (2026)Cite this article

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Abstract

A history of suicide attempts is one of the strongest predictors of future suicidal behavior in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) alterations that specifically differentiate MDD patients with a suicidal attempt history (SD) from those without (NSD) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify suicide attempt–specific rs-FC alterations using a two-stage multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) framework—first contrasting the MDD group with the healthy control (HC) group, then directly comparing the SD group with the NSD group—and to examine whether the identified FC features were related to suicidal ideation or childhood trauma. Rs-FC data were collected from 204 adults (61 SD, 62 NSD, 81 HCs). Significant clusters from each MVPA were used as regions of interest (ROIs) for follow-up ROI-to-ROI and seed-to-voxel analyses, and associations with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores were examined. FC patterns that distinguished the SD group from the NSD group consistently involved visual network regions. The SD group showed lower FC between visual areas and prefrontal regions. Among ROI-level differences, the right intracalcarine cortex–right inferior temporal gyrus FC showed a negative correlation with CTQ–physical neglect subscale scores in the SD group (r = –0.427, pFDR = 0.017). Seed-to-voxel analyses revealed that lower visual–frontal FC was associated with greater suicidal ideation in the MDD group (e.g., left cuneus–left frontal pole, r = –0.341, pFDR = 0.023). These findings suggest a dysfunctional brain network linking childhood trauma, disrupted sensory–cognitive integration, and suicide attempt risk in MDD.

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Fig. 1: Functional connectivity patterns differentiating MDD and HC were identified via fc-MVPA, and seed-to-voxel FC differences between SD and NSD using these clusters as seeds.
Fig. 2: Functional connectivity differences between the SD and NSD groups were identified via fc-MVPA, ROI-to-ROI, and seed-to-voxel analyses.
Fig. 3: Association analyses of FC features derived from SD–NSD differences: ROI-to-ROI FC associated with childhood trauma and seed-to-voxel FC associated with suicidal ideation.

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Data availability

Due to ethics restrictions, the data supporting the results of this study are not publicly available, but they are available to the applicant upon reasonable request to the corresponding author: han272@korea.ac.kr, hambj@korea.ac.kr.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)—Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT [MSIT]) (grant no: RS-2025-00523110) and the NRF [Korea-UK (MRC) Cooperative Development Program]—Korean government (MSIT) in 2023 (grant no: RS-2023-00303461).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Minjee Jung, Jihoon Park.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Minjee Jung

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Jihoon Park, Daun Shin, Byung-Joo Ham & Kyu-Man Han

  3. Institute of Human Behavior and Genetics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Youbin Kang

  4. Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    June Kang

  5. Empathy Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    June Kang

  6. Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Hyuk-June Moon

  7. Precision Imaging, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    JeYoung Jung, Marcus Kaiser & Dorothee Auer

  8. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

    JeYoung Jung, Marcus Kaiser & Dorothee Auer

  9. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    JeYoung Jung

  10. Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Marcus Kaiser

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Contributions

Concept and design: Kyu-Man Han and Byung-Joo Ham. Acquisition, curation, and provision of data: Byung-Joo Ham, Kyu-Man Han, Youbin Kang. Analysis and visualization: Minjee Jung, Jihoon Park, and Kyu-Man Han. Drafting of the manuscript: Minjee Jung, Jihoon Park, and Kyu-Man Han. Revision of the manuscript: Minjee Jung, Jihoon Park, and Kyu-Man Han. Methodological support: Youbin Kang, Daun Shin, June Kang, Hyuk-June Moon, and JeYoung Jung. Critical review and supervision: Marcus Kaiser and Dorothee Auer. Funding acquisition and overall supervision: Kyu-Man Han and Byung-Joo Ham.

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Correspondence to Byung-Joo Ham or Kyu-Man Han.

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Jung, M., Park, J., Kang, Y. et al. Suicide attempt history, childhood trauma, and functional brain network alterations in major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional connectivity-based multivariate pattern analysis. Neuropsychopharmacol. 51, 759–768 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02307-9

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