Fig. 3: Extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk between glioblastoma cells and astrocytes supports tumour growth.
From: Breaking through the glioblastoma micro-environment via extracellular vesicles
a Normal astrocytes exposed to glioblastoma (GBM) cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) produce a tumour growth-stimulating secretome including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), colony stimulating factors (CSFs), Interleukins 10 and 19 (IL-10 and IL-19) (Inspired by Oushy et al. [36]). b GBM cell-derived EVs influence the p53 and MYC signalling pathways in astrocytes, with consecutive acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in order to support tumour growth (Inspired by Hallal et al. [17]).
