Fig. 4: Glioblastoma cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate the immune response to tumour growth via the PD-L1/PD1 signalling.
From: Breaking through the glioblastoma micro-environment via extracellular vesicles
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated PD-L1 can directly bind PD1 receptor at the surface of infiltrating T cells in the brain, thus inhibiting their activation and consequently supporting immunosuppression (Inspired by Ricklefs et al. [46]).
