Fig. 5: Extracellular vesicles of the glioblastoma micro-environment directly support temozolomide resistance.
From: Breaking through the glioblastoma micro-environment via extracellular vesicles
a Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from astrocytes in a reactive state consecutive to tumour growth can contain MGMT mRNA. Once up-taken by glioblastoma (GBM) cells, such EVs thus induce TMZ resistance via the inhibition of cell apoptosis (Adapted from Yu et al. [78]). b TMZ-resistant GBM cells can produce EVs carrying miR-1238 that, once up-taken by TMZ-sensitive GBM cells, inhibits caveolin-1 (CAV1), thus interfering with CAV1-driven inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation. PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways consecutively get activated, supporting TMZ resistance (Inspired by Yin et al. [82]). TMZ Temozolomide.
