Fig. 3: DCA treatment regulates miR-92b-3p expression in gallbladder cancer cells.

a Heatmap representation of significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.05; fold change, >2 or <0.5) detected using miRNA sequence in NOZ cells treated with DCA (50 μM) or equal amount of vehicle as control. b Expression levels of indicated miRNAs in NOZ cells treated with DCA or vehicle as in a. Results represent means ± standard derivation (SD) from three independent measurements. c The decreased expression of miR-92b-3p in NOZ and GBC-SD cells in a DCA dose-dependent manner (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM). Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. d Cell proliferation assay of gallbladder cancer cells overexpressing miR-92b-3p or empty vector challenged with vehicle and DCA. (n = 3, in triplicate; two-way ANOVA, comparisons at days 4 are shown). e Colony formation assay of vehicle- and DCA-treated gallbladder cancer cells overexpressing miR-92b-3p or empty vector. Representative images for corresponding experiments, and the graph exhibits the quantification of colony numbers. The relative cell numbers of vehicle were arbitrarily set to 1 (n = 3 independent experiments, in triplicate; Mann–Whitney test). f miR-92b-3p RNA levels were quantified in 38 pairs of GBC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by using qPCR (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); ***p < 0.001). g Kaplan–Meier survival curves of overall survival according to miR-92b-3p level (*p < 0.05).