Fig. 6: Simultaneous expression of FOXM1 and DKK1 is associated with poor prognosis of PDAC cases.

A and C PDAC tissues (n = 38) were stained with anti-DKK1 or anti-FOXM1 antibody and hematoxylin. Black boxes show enlarged images. Numbers of DKK1- and/or FOXM1-positive (high or low expression) cases are shown in the right panels (A). B Percentage of FOXM1 high expressing, low expressing, and negative cases in the DKK1 high expressing, low expressing, and negative cases. D The relationship between relapse-free survival or overall survival and co-expression of DKK1 and FOXM1 in PDAC patients was analyzed (n = 38). Tumors in which positive staining for DKK1 and FOXM1 covered >5% of the total area were classified as DKK1 (+) / FOXM1 (+) (n = 27; 71.1%). E TCGA mRNA expression levels and clinical outcome data for pancreatic cancer patients were retrieved from OncoLnc (http://www.oncolnc.org). Positive expression of FOXM1 and DKK1 (DKK1(+)/FOXM1(+)) group were classified based on the top 80% of mRNA values of FOMX1 or DKK1. **P < 0.01 (Pearson’s chi-square test); Scale bars, 100 µm (A and C). The data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and the Generalized Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis (D and E).