Fig. 1: CBX3 is upregulated in current smokers with LUAD, and CBX3 overexpression predicts worse survival in patients with LUAD.

a The flow chart of how to identify CBX3 associated with survival and smoking in LUAD. b 10-fold cross-validation with 1000 replications for selection of genes associated with LUAD RFS in the LASSO-COX model by minimum criteria (the 1-SE criteria). c Venn diagrams showing numbers of upregulated genes involved in the histone methylation in current smokers compared to former smokers in TCGA-LUAD and TCGA-LUSC datasets. d Heatmap of top 10 averagely highly expressed genes in TCGA-LUAD samples out of the 46 genes showed in Venn diagram. Red indicates overexpression and blue underexpression. The columns correspond to the LUAD samples. The real status of the samples is given in a color scale: blue for never smokers, red for former smokers and green for current smokers. e, f Kaplan–Meier analysis with two-sided log-rank test was conducted to evaluate the differences in RFS (e) and OS (f) between the patients with high and low expression of CBX3 in TCGA-LUAD dataset. Median expression level of CBX3 was used as cutoff. g, h Kaplan–Meier analysis with two-sided log-rank test was conducted to evaluate the differences in RFS (g) and OS (h) between the patients with high and low expression of CBX3 in GSE68465 dataset. Median expression level of CBX3 was used as cutoff. i, j Differential expression analyses of CBX3 between tumor and normal tissues in TCGA-LUAD (i) and CPTAC-LUAD (j) datasets.