Fig. 4: Inhibition of CSDE1 expression alleviates cancer progression.

A The cell viability was measured by inhibiting CSDE1 expression using two independent siRNAs in MDA-MB-231 cells (left). Data are presented as mean ± SD with 3 biological replicates. The expression of CSDE1 was measured after siRNA treatment by western blotting (right). B Representative images of Ki67 staining of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with two independent CSDE1 siRNAs (left). The bar graph indicates the percentage of Ki67-positive cells in each group (right). Data are presented as mean ± SD with 3 biological replicates. C Wound healing assay of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells treated with two CSDE1 siRNAs after scratching the confluent cells. After indicated time points, the wound closure area was measured using Image J. Data are presented as mean ± SD with 3 biological replicates. D CSDE1 expression in each stable CSDE1-knockout and control MDA-MB-231 cell (con, control; CSDE1 KO#1, CSDE1-knockout #1; and CSDE1 KO#2, CSDE1-knockout #2). E The representative image of migrated and invaded cells in stable CSDE1-knockout and control cells (left). Quantification of cells through migration and invasion assays was performed (right). Data are presented as mean ± SD with 4 to 6 biological replicates. F Representative images indicate colony formation in each cell. The bar graph shows relative survival fraction in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD with 9 biological replicates. G Immunofluorescence staining of F-actin and CSDE1 after siRNA treatment. Enlarged image of each group is shown in the rightmost panel. The pointed arrows indicate lamellipodium staining (F-actin). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005.