Abstract
Background
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that impact on the differential expression of interleukin 28B (IL28B) are implicated in the progression of viral-induced diseases. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we evaluated the association between IL28B SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 and the clinical outcome of bronchiolitis in pediatric patients.
Methods
A total of 682 infants suffering from bronchiolitis, categorized based on the final clinical outcome as mild or severe, were genotyped for IL28B SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917.
Results
When infants were categorized exclusively based on the final clinical outcome, no association was established between IL28B SNPs and the severity of bronchiolitis. However, when stratified by sex, the homozygotes for the minor alleles of rs12979860 (T) and rs8099917 (G) were associated with a mild disease in girls but not in boys.
Conclusion
SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 correlate with the severity of bronchiolitis and display a sex bias, where GG rs8099917 and TT rs12979860 genotypes are associated with a mild disease in girls but not in boys. These findings suggest that innate immunity and female sex links with the outcome of the diseases induced by respiratory viruses, such as RSV.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. José Castro-Rodriguez for critically reading and Dr. Michael Rau for editing the manuscript. All phases of this study were supported by the Comision Nacional de Investigación Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT), Gobierno de Chile, through grant CONICYT-Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) ACT1408 to M.L.-L. and M.F. and by the Proyecto P09/016-F de la Iniciativa Científica Milenio (ICM) del Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo to M.L.-L. P.A. conducted this work as part of his Pediatric Residency Program supported by a Concurso Becado 2015, Dirección de Investigación, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. J.A. contributed to this work as a CONICYT-PIA ACT1408 Post-doctoral fellow.
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M.L.-L. conceptualized and designed the study, analyzed the results, drafted the initial manuscript, and reviewed the revised manuscript. P.A. conceptualized and designed the study, coordinated patients’ recruitment, collected samples, extracted DNA, genotyped, analyzed the results, drafted the initial manuscript, and reviewed the revised manuscript. J.A. designed the genotyping strategy, conducted genotyping, analyzed data, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. J.B.d.C., G.L.d.M., and A.T.R.d.V. conducted the bioinformatics and statistical analysis of the data. K.P. extracted DNA and conducted genotyping and reviewed and revised the manuscript. M.F. and S.P. participated in patient recruitment, sample collecting, and reviewed and revised the manuscript.
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Astudillo, P., Angulo, J., Pino, K. et al. Correlation between female sex, IL28B genotype, and the clinical severity of bronchiolitis in pediatric patients. Pediatr Res 87, 785–795 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0623-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0623-1
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