Abstract
Background
Volumes of cerebellar posterior lobes have been associated with cognitive skills, such as language functioning. Children born very preterm (VPT) often have language problems. However, only total cerebellar volume has been associated with language functioning, with contradicting results. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether total cerebellar structures or specific posterior lobular structures are associated with language ability of school-aged VPT children.
Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of 42 school-aged VPT children without major handicaps. Structural MRI was performed and the cerebellum segmentation pipeline was used for segmentation of separate lobules. Narrative retelling assessment was performed and language content and language structure scores were extracted. Linear regression analyses were used to associate language scores with whole gray matter (GM) cerebellar volume and right Crus I+II GM volume.
Results
Whole cerebellar GM volume was not significantly associated with language content nor with language structure; however, right Crus I+II GM volume was significantly associated with language content (β = 0.192 (CI = 0.033, 0.351), p = 0.020).
Conclusions
GM volume of Crus I+II appears to be associated with language functions in school-aged VPT children without major handicaps, while whole cerebellar volume is not. This study showed the importance of studying cerebellar lobules separately, rather than whole cerebellar volume only, in relation to VPT children’s language functions.
Impact
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GM volume of Crus I+II is associated with semantic language functions in school-aged very preterm children without overt brain injury, whereas whole cerebellar volume is not.
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This study showed the importance of studying cerebellar lobules separately, rather than whole cerebellar volume only, in relation to very preterm children’s language functions.
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This study might impact future research in very preterm children. Lobular structures rather than whole cerebellar structures should be the region of interest in relation to language functions.
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Acknowledgements
We thank all children and their parents for their participation in the study. This work was supported by Dr. C.J. Vaillantfonds, Stichting Mitialto, Stichting Coolsingel under Grant number 496, and Stichting Sophia Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek under Grant number S19-24.
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We confirm that each author has met the Pediatric Research authorship requirements. L.W.S., M.B., K.J.P., M.-C.J.P.F., J.v.R., and J.D. have substantially contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data. All authors have drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content and have given final approval of the version to be published.
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Stipdonk, L.W., Boumeester, M., Pieterman, K.J. et al. Cerebellar volumes and language functions in school-aged children born very preterm. Pediatr Res 90, 853–860 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01327-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01327-z
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