Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of enrolled participants.
Variable | Overall subjects (N = 76) | Conventional group (N = 36) | Study group (N = 40) |
|---|---|---|---|
At birth | |||
Gender, Female—N (%) | 37 (49) | 18 (50) | 19 (48) |
Race—N (%) | |||
African American | 11 (15) | 3 (8) | 8 (20) |
Asian | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
Other | 6 (8) | 2 (6) | 4 (10) |
Unknown | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
White | 57 (75) | 30 (83) | 27 (68) |
Ethnicity—N (%) | |||
Hispanic or Latino | 2 (3) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) |
Non-Hispanic or Latino | 71 (93) | 32 (89) | 39 (98) |
Unknown | 3 (4) | 2 (6) | 1 (3) |
Gestational age (GA)—wks | 29.3 [27–32.9] | 29.3 [28–32.2] | 29.2 [27–33.1] |
Preterm birth—N (%) | 68 (90) | 34 (94) | 34 (85) |
Birth weight—kg | 1.23 [0.9–1.9] | 1.2 [0.9–1.9] | 1.3 [0.9–2.1] |
Size for gestational age—N (%) | |||
Small (<10th %) | 9 (12) | 5 (14) | 4 (10) |
Average (10th−90th %) | 58 (76) | 26 (72) | 32 (80) |
Large (>90th %) | 9 (12) | 5 (14) | 4 (10) |
Cesarean delivery—N (%) | 50 (66) | 22 (61) | 28 (70) |
At inception | |||
Postmenstrual age—wks | 41.1 (2.5) | 41.3 (2.2) | 40.9 (2.7) |
Chronologic age—wks | 10.9 (4.3) | 11.1 (4.5) | 10.7 (4.3) |
Weight—kg | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) |
O2 requirement at 36 wks PMA—N (%) | 36 (47) | 17 (47) | 19 (48) |
O2 requirement at 28 days age—N (%) | 46 (61) | 21 (58) | 25 (63) |
Feeding method—N (%) | |||
Gavage | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) |
Transitional | 37 (49) | 18 (50) | 19 (48) |
Oral | 37 (49) | 18 (50) | 19 (48) |
Nasal cannula oxygen—N (%) | 23 (30) | 11 (31) | 12 (30) |
Total intake volume—mL/kg/day | 150 [149–154] | 150 [148–152] | 150 [150–157] |
Total oral intake volume—mL/kg/day | 112 [45–150] | 112 [57–150] | 112 [22–146] |
Acid reflux index (ARI)—% | 9.3 [6.0–17.1] | 10 [6.0–16.7] | 9.1 [5.0–17.6] |
ARI category—N (%) | |||
Indeterminate (ARI 3–7%) | 26 (34) | 12 (33) | 14 (35) |
Abnormal (ARI > 7%) | 50 (66) | 24 (67) | 26 (65) |
