Table 5 Composition of the gut microbiome at 1 year of age in vaginally delivered infants (N = 99) according to their exposure to courses of antibiotics.
From: Antibiotics at birth and later antibiotic courses: effects on gut microbiota
No courses of antibiotics, N = 71, mean (SD) | 1–2 courses, N = 23, mean (SD) | 3 or more courses, N = 5, mean (SD) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Diversityb | ||||
No. of OTUs | 79 (22) | 75 (20) | 76 (30) | 0.80 |
Shannon’s diversity index | 3.0 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.77) | 2.9 (1.3) | 0.85 |
Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index | 7.9 (1.3) | 8.0 (1.7) | 8.0 (1.6) | 0.97 |
Pielou’s evenness index | 0.48 (0.13) | 0.50 (0.11) | 0.46 (0.19) | 0.73 |
Relative abundances (%) | ||||
Phyla | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Bacteroidetes | 56 (35) | 55 (29) | 47 (43) | 0.84 |
Firmicutes | 39 (32) | 37 (28) | 44 (39) | 0.91 |
Proteobacteria | 4.7 (12) | 5.7 (9.7) | 8.4 (7.9) | 0.74 |
Actinobacteria | 0.51 (1.3) | 0.45 (0.57) | 0.73 (1.3) | 0.89 |
Tenericutes | 0.02 (0.12) | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.06 (0.13) | 0.74 |
Verrucomicrobia | 0.05 (0.20) | 1.6 (6.5) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.43 |
Genera | ||||
Bacteroides | 44 (36) | 44 (31) | 28 (37) | 0.59 |
Clostridium | 1.2 (2.6) | 1.3 (1.8) | 3.3 (3.8) | 0.20 |
Faecalibacterium | 0.38 (0.77) | 0.33 (0.56) | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.66 |
Prevotella | 3.2 (12) | 0.70 (2.3) | 17 (39) | 0.23 |
Escherichia coli | 2.1 (10) | 2.5 (6.8) | 0.54 (0.90) | 0.91 |
Lactobacillus | 0.63 (4.7) | 0.10 (0.29) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.83 |
Bifidobacterium | 0.34 (1.1) | 0.24 (0.38) | 0.39 (0.74) | 0.91 |
Blautia | 0.18 (0.62) | 0.33 (0.95) | 1.1 (2.3) | 0.58 |
Veillonella | 0.81 (2.0) | 2.2 (6.7) | 2.6 (4.9) | 0.48 |
