Table 2 Methodology used by the derivation studies.
From: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia prediction models: a systematic review and meta-analysis with validation
Study | Model development | Model validation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Approach | Continuous predictor | Missing value | Predictor selection | Presentation | Approach | Discrimination | Calibration | |
Cohen 1983 | Clinical consensus | Categorical | Complete case | Clinical consensus | NR | Same cohort | NR | None |
Palta 1990 | Clinical consensus | Kept linear | NR | Clinical consensus | Formula | Same cohort | NR | None |
Parker 1992 | Regression | Kept linear | Complete case and Replace mean | Univariate → stepwise | Formula | Bootstrapping/temporal (year) | NR | O:E ratio |
Corcoran 1993 | Regression | Categorical | Complete case | Univariate → stepwise | Formula | Random split | NR | None |
Ryan 1994 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Univariate → stepwise | Formula | New dataset | ROC | None |
Gortner 1996 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Univariate → stepwise | Formula | Same cohort | NR | None |
Rozycki 1996 | Regression | Categorical | Complete case | Univariate → stepwise | Nomogram | New dataset | NR | None |
Ryan 1996 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Univariate → stepwise | Formula | Temporal (year) | ROC | None |
Romagnoli 1998 | Regression | Categorical | NR | Univariate analysis | Formula | New dataset | ROC | None |
Yoder 1999 | Regression | Categorical | NR | Univariate analysis | Score chart | New dataset | ROC | None |
Chien 2002 | Regression | Kept linear | Complete case | NR | NR | Same cohort | ROC | Goodness of fit |
Groves 2004 | Univariate analysis | Kept linear | NR | Stepwise selection | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Cunha 2005 | Regression | Categorical | NR | Univariate → stepwise | Score chart | Same cohort | NR | None |
Kim 2005 | Regression | Categorical | Complete case | Univariate → stepwise | Score chart | New dataset | ROC | None |
Choi 2006 | Regression | Categorical | NR | Univariate → stepwise | Score chart | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Henderson-Smart 2006 | Regression | Categorical | Complete case | Univariate → stepwise | Formula | Temporal (year) | ROC | Goodness of fit |
Bhering 2007 | Regression | Categorical | Complete case | Stepwise selection | Score chart | New dataset | ROC | Goodness of fit |
May 2007 | Univariate analysis | Kept linear | NR | No selection | NR | New dataset | ROC | None |
Ambalavanan 2008 | Regression and CART | Kept linear | Complete case | Stepwise selection | Nomogram | Cross-validation | ROC | None |
Laughon 2011 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Univariate → stepwise | Formula/online tool | New dataset | ROC | None |
Gottipati 2012 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | NR | Score chart | Same cohort | NR | None |
Roth-Kleiner 2012 | Regression | Categorical | NR | Stepwise selection | Score chart | Cross-validation | ROC | None |
Chock 2014 | Regression and CART | Kept linear | NR | NR | Nomogram | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Gursoy 2014 | Regression | Categorical | NR | Univariate → stepwise | Score chart | New dataset | ROC | Goodness of fit |
Yang 2014 | Univariate analysis | Kept linear | NR | No selection | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Anand 2015 | Bayesian Network | Categorical | NR | NR | NR | New dataset | ROC | None |
Ochab 2016 | Regression and SVM | Kept linear | NR | Stepwise selection | NR | Cross-validation | NR | None |
Wai 2016 | Regression | Kept linear | Complete case | Univariate → stepwise | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Kim 2017 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Univariate analysis | NR | Same cohort | NR | None |
Beltempo 2018 | Regression | Categorical | Complete case | No selection | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Boghossian 2018 | Regression | Categorical | NR | No selection | NR | Random split | ROC | None |
Hunt 2018 | Univariate analysis | Categorical | NR | No selection | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Sullivan 2018 | Regression | Transformation | NR | No selection | NR | Bootstrapping | ROC | None |
Fairchild 2019 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Stepwise selection | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Sun 2019 | Univariate analysis | Kept linear | Complete case | No selection | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Valenzuela-Stutman 2019 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Stepwise selection | NR | Random split | ROC | None |
Dylag 2020 | Regression | Kept linear | Complete case | Stepwise selection | NR | Random split | ROC | None |
Mistry 2020 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | NR | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Shah 2020 | Regression | Kept linear | Complete case | A priori knowledge | NR | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Sharma 2020 | CART | Kept linear | Complete case | CART | Nomogram | Same cohort | ROC | None |
Vaid 2020 | Gradient boosting | NR | Complete case | NR | NR | Cross-validation | ROC | None |
Baud 2021 | Regression | Kept linear | NR | Stepwise selection | Formula | Same cohort | ROC | Goodness of fit |
Shim 2021 | Regression | Kept linear | Complete case | Stepwise selection | Formula | Temporal (year) | NR | None |
Ushida 2021 | Regression | Kept linear | Complete case | Stepwise selection | Formula/online tool | Random split | ROC | Calibration plot |
