Table 2 Participants’ (n = 13) characteristics on admission, at induction of anesthesia, and at the end of surgery.

Variables	On admission	At induction of anesthesia	At the end of surgery
Weight, kg	50 (38–63)	NA	NA
Height, m	1.58 (1.53–1.68)	NA	NA
BMI, kg/m²	19.5 (17.4–22.1)	NA	NA
Systolic BP, mmHg	115 (108–120)	108 (103–113)	90 (85–94)^d
Diastolic BP, mmHg	63 (58–66)	59 (57–64)	41 (39–46)^e
Sodium, mmol/L	138 (137–139)	138 (137–138)	138 (137–139)
Potassium, mmol/L	4 (3.9–4.2)	4.2 (4–4.4)	4.5 (4.2–4.6)^f
Chloride, mmol/L	102 (99–103)	104 (103–106)	105 (104–106)
Creatinine, µmol/L	46 (41–53)	49 (40.8–54.5)	54 (41–60)^g
Albumin, g/L^a	39 (37–40)	34 (31–42)ⁱ	31 (29–32)^h
Hemoglobin, g/dL	130 (122–132)	114 (111–123)^k	109 (103–116)^j
Bicarbonate, mmol/L^b	25 (24–25)	24 (22–24)	22 (21–23)^l
S-Osm, mOsm/kg	287 (285–288)	287 (284–289)	289 (287–290)
U-Osm, mOsm/kg	637 (531–933)	NA	416 (332–525)^m
FE_Na, %^c	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	NA	0.7 (0.4–0.7)ⁿ

Results are presented as medians (IQRs) unless otherwise indicated. NA not available, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, S-Osm serum-osmolality, U-Osm urine osmolality, FE_Na fractional excretion of sodium.
^aAlbumin data were available in 10 and 12 patients on admission and at induction, respectively.
^bBicarbonate data were available in 12, 10, and 11 patients on admission, at induction, and at the end of surgery, respectively.
^cFE_Na data were available in 10 of the 13 patients.
Post hoc analysis (Bonferroni test):
^dp < 0.001 vs. admission and p < 0.01 vs. induction, respectively;
^ep < 0.0001 vs. admission and vs. induction;
^fp < 0.05 vs. admission;
^gp < 0.05 vs. induction;
^hp < 0.001 vs. admission;
ⁱp < 0.01 vs. admission;
^jp < 0.0001 vs. admission and p < 0.01 vs. induction, respectively;
^kp < 0.01 vs. admission;
^lp < 0.05 vs. admission. Paired t-test:
^mp = 0.2;
ⁿp = 0.052.

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