Table 3 The assessment of the risk of bias of plasticizers articles the NTP/PHAT risk of bias rating tool for children’s plasticizer cohort study.
From: Sex differences in children’s cognitive functions and phthalates exposure: a meta-analysis
Bias domain | Cho et al., 2010. | Doherty et al., 2017 | Whyatt et al., 2012 | Huang et al., 2017 | Jankowska et al., 2019 | Kim et al., 2011 | Tsai et al., 2020 | Rosolen et al., 2022 | Gennings et al., 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
++ | Definitively low risk of bias | |||||||||
+ | Probably low risk of bias | |||||||||
- | Probably high risk of bias | |||||||||
-- | Definitively high risk of bias | |||||||||
Confounding bias | ||||||||||
1. Did the study design or analysis account for important confounding and modifying variables? (Key domain) | + | ++ | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | |
Detection bias | ||||||||||
1. Can we be confident in the exposure characterization? (Key domain) | + | ++ | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
2. Can we be confident in the outcome assessment? (Key domain) | - | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | - | + | |
Selection bias | ||||||||||
1. Did selection of study participants result in appropriate comparison groups? | + | ++ | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | |
Attrition/ Exclusion bias | ||||||||||
1. Where outcome data complete without attrition or exclusion from analysis? | - | ++ | + | - | - | - | + | - | ++ | |
Selective reporting bias | ||||||||||
1. Were all measured outcome reported? | + | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | + | - | |
Other bias | ||||||||||
1. Conflict of interest | - | ++ | - | + | - | - | + | + | ++ | |
Summary tier category | T2 | T1 | T1 | T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | T2 | T1 | |
