Table 1 Clinical features, imaging characteristics, and treatment details of children with cortical encephalitis (n = 16).

No.	Age(years) /Sex	Fever	Headache	Convulsive seizure	Decreased consciousness	Dyskinesia	Cognitive disorder	Language Disorders	MOG antibody titer		High T2FLAIR signal	Cerebral sulcus and/or meningeal enhancement	Treatment
No.	Age(years) /Sex	Fever	Headache	Convulsive seizure	Decreased consciousness	Dyskinesia	Cognitive disorder	Language Disorders	Serum	CSF	High T2FLAIR signal	Cerebral sulcus and/or meningeal enhancement	Treatment
1	4.6/F	−	−	+	+	−	−	+	1: 10	1:10	Bilateral	−	Anti-in, IVIg+HIMP
2	9.8/F	+	+	+	−	−	−	−	NT^a	NT	Bilateral	+	Anti-in, anti-ep
3	7.3/M	+	+	+	−	+	−	−	1:100	1:320	Bilateral	+	Anti-in, IVIg
4	4.9/M	+	+	+	−	−	−	−	NT^a	NT	Bilateral	−	Anti−in
5	8.5/M	+	+	+	−	−	−	−	1:32	1:100	Unilateral	−	Anti-in, IVIg+HIMP
6	10.8/M	+	+	+	−	−	−	−	1:100	1:10	Unilateral	−	Anti-in, anti-ep, IVIg
7	10.2/F	+	+	+	+	−	−	−	NT^a	NT	Unilateral	−	Anti-in
8	2.8/F	+	−	+	−	+	−	−	1:10	−	Unilateral	−	Anti-in, anti-ep, IVIg+HIMP
9	12.3/M	+	+	+	+	−	+	−	NT^a	NT	Bilateral	−	Anti-in
10	6.6/F	+	+	+	+	+	−	−	1:100	−	Unilateral	+	Anti-in, anti-ep, IVIg+HIMP
11 (1)	10.3/F	−	+	+	−	+	+	−	NT^a	NT	Unilateral	+	antiviral
11 (2)		−	+	+	−	+	+	−	1:100	1:32	Unilateral	+	IVIg+HIMP
12	12.8/M	+	−	+	−	−	−	−	1:320	1: 10	Unilateral	−	Anti-in, IVIg
13	6.7/F	−	−	+	−	−	−	+	NT^a	NT	Unilateral	+	Anti-in, anti-ep
14	6.0/F	−	+	+	+	−	−	+	1:100	1:10	Bilateral	−	Anti-in, IVIg
15	10.1/M	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	1:10	1:32	Bilateral	−	Anti-in, IVIg+HIMP
16 (1)	12.5/M	−	+	−	+	+	−	+	1:32	NT	Unilatera	−	Anti-in, refuse immunotherapy
16 (2)		−	−	−	−	−	+	−	1:32	1: 10	Unilate	−	Anti-in

Age: + yes, − no, F female, M male, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, NT not tested, Anti-in Anti-infection, anti-ep anti-epileptic, IVIg Intravenous immunoglobulins, HIMP High doses of intravenous methylprednisolon.
^aSix patients were missing MOG antibody results because they did not test at other hospitals during their first episode or their parents were unwilling to test. However, when a demyelinating event occurred again, they tested positive for MOG antibodies. Based on the clinical manifestations and MRI, a retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the type of first episode as cortical encephalitis.

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