Table 1 Patients’ variables and differences between sitrat versus heparin.
Variable | All Patients (n = 131) | Citrate group (n = 55) | Heparin group (n = 76) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr), median (IQR) | 3.9 (1.3–11.0) | 5.2 (1.3–11.3) | 3.0 (1.3–7.3) | 0.089 |
Male sex, n (%) | 65 (49.6) | 28 (50.9) | 37 (48.7) | 0.941 |
Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 16 (11–32) | 21 (11–42) | 13.3 (10.8–23) | 0.051 |
Weight < 10 kg, n (%) | 24 (18.3) | 9 (16.4) | 15 (19.7) | 0.792 |
PRISM III score, median (IQR) | 15 (9–24) | 14 (10–24) | 17 (9–24) | 0.976 |
Comorbidity, n (%) | 68 (51.9) | 30 (54.5) | 38 (50.0) | 0.736 |
Risk factor for bleeding, n (%) | 53 (40.5) | 25 (45.5) | 28 (36.8) | 0.417 |
Diagnosis at admission to PICU, n (%) | ||||
Renal disease | 43 (32.8) | 16 (29.1) | 27 (35.5) | 0.093 |
Hemato-oncologic disease | 19 (14.5) | 9 (16.4) | 10 (13.2) | 0.819 |
Sepsis | 14 (10.7) | 7 (12.7) | 7 (9.2) | 0.744 |
Pneumonia / Respiratory failure | 12 (9.2) | 6 (10.9) | 6 (7.9) | 0.650 |
Liver failure | 9 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (11.8) | 0.010 |
Cardiac arrest | 9 (6.9) | 7 (12.7) | 2 (2.6) | 0.096 |
Metabolic disease | 8 (6.1) | 2 (3.6) | 6 (7.9) | 0.157 |
Cardiopathies | 4 (3.1) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (2.6) | 1.000 |
Intoxication | 6 (4.6) | 3 (5.5) | 3 (3.9) | 1.000 |
Acute abdomen | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.6) | 0.509 |
Other | 5 (3.8) | 3 (5.5) | 2 (2.6) | 0.655 |
CRRT indication | ||||
Electrolyte / acid base disturbance | 48 (36.6) | 19 (34.5) | 29 (38.2) | 0.810 |
Acute kidney injury | 42 (32.1) | 21 (38.2) | 21 (27.6) | 0.277 |
Fluid overload | 20 (15.3) | 8 (14.5) | 12 (15.8) | 1.000 |
Hyperammoniemia | 10 (7.6) | 1 (1.8) | 9 (11.8) | 0.044 |
Acute attack of metabolic disease | 6 (4.6) | 1 (1.8) | 5 (6.6) | 0.400 |
Tumor lysis syndrome | 4 (3.1) | 4 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.029 |
Rhabdomyolysis | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.420 |
Clinical variables at initiation of CRRT | ||||
% Fluid overload, median (IQR) | 6.7 (0.0–18.8) | 11.5 (0.0–18.8) | 4.0 (0.0–17.95) | 0.296 |
% Fluid overload, n (%) | ||||
< 10% | 73 (55.7) | 25 (45.5) | 48 (63.2) | 0.066 |
10–20% | 29 (22.1) | 16 (29.1) | 13 (17.1) | 0.156 |
> 20% | 29 (22.1) | 14 (25.5) | 15 (19.7) | 0.572 |
Urine output (mL/kg/hr), median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.0–0.4) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.3 (0.0–0.5) | 0.281 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 80 (61.1) | 33 (60.0) | 47 (61.8) | 0.975 |
Mechanical ventilation (day), median (IQR) | 8 (2–15) | 8 (3–24) | 7 (2–12) | 0.486 |
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, n (%) | 59 (45.0) | 21 (38.2) | 38 (50.0) | 0.244 |
Vasoactive support, n (%) | 71 (54.2) | 30 (54.5) | 41 (53.9) | 1.000 |
Vasoactive inotrope score, median (IQR) | 30 (20–40) | 31.3 (22.5–45) | 25 (15–35) | 0.153 |
Acute kidney injury stage 2 and 3, n (%) | 66 (50.4) | 29 (52.7) | 37 (48.7) | 0.780 |
Isolated acute kidney injury, n (%) | 22 (16.8) | 7 (12.7) | 15 (19.7) | 0.411 |
Insertion site of access catheters | ||||
Internal jugular | 59 (45.0) | 29 (52.7) | 30 (39.5) | 0.185 |
Subclavian | 15 (11.5) | 7 (12.7) | 8 (10.5) | 0.910 |
Femoral | 57 (43.5) | 19 (34.5) | 38 (50.0) | 0.114 |
Laboratory variables at initiation of CRRT, median (IQR) | ||||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.08 (0.75–3.8) | 2.1 (0.9–3.58) | 1.62 (0.63–3.94) | 0.218 |
Urea (mg/dL) | 83 (42–150) | 101 (47–146) | 76 (38–150) | 0.508 |
Hemoglobin (gr/dL) | 8.8 (7.3–10.7) | 8.9 (7.2–10.7) | 8.8 (7.4–10.7) | 0.913 |
Platelet count, (X 103/µL) | 103 (45.6–226) | 69 (32–195) | 113.5 (57–231.5) | 0.074 |
pH | 7.2 (7.09–7.3) | 7.17 (7.08–7.3) | 7.2 (7.1–7.3) | 0.567 |
Lactate | 3.5 (1.5–6.0) | 4.0 (1.6–9.0) | 3.5 (1.4–5.6) | 0.121 |
Potassium, (mmol/L) | 4.2 (3.8–4.8) | 4.3 (3.8–5.0) | 4.0 (3.8–4.6) | 0.127 |
Sodium, (mmol/L) | 138 (134–141) | 137 (133–141) | 138 (134–140) | 0.859 |
Phosphor, (mg/dl) | 4.6 (3.4–6.2) | 4.8 (3.4–6.3) | 4.55 (3.3–6.15) | 0.346 |
Magnesium, (mg/dl) | 2.05 (1.77–2.33) | 2.0 (1.75–2.33) | 2.05 (1.78–2.37) | 0.836 |
Total calcium, (mg/dL) | 8.2 (7.6–8.9) | 8.0 (7.4–8.6) | 8.3 (7.65–9.0) | 0.125 |
Ionized calcium, (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.03 (0.98–1.1) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.445 |
Prothrombin time (sec) | 17.3 (15.5–21.0) | 17.1 (15.2–22.0) | 17.8 (15.5–20.7) | 0.987 |
International normalization ratio | 1.38 (1.19–1.69) | 1.37 (1.18–1.69) | 1.38 (1.2–1.69) | 0.789 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time (sec) | 32.6 (30.3–39.5) | 32.0 (30.0–39.4) | 33.9 (30.4–40.1) | 0.663 |
Length of PICU stay (days), median (IQR) | 7 (3–13) | 8 (4–14) | 6 (3–12) | 0.226 |
PICU mortality, n (%) | 37 (28.2) | 19 (34.5) | 18 (23.7) | 0.244 |
