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Potential biomarkers used for risk estimation of pediatric sepsis-associated organ dysfunction and immune dysregulation

Pediatric Research volume 97, pages 2243–2257 (2025)Cite this article

Abstract

Pediatric sepsis is a serious issue globally and is a significant cause of illness and death among infants and children. Refractory septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome are the primary causes of mortality in children with sepsis. However, there is incomplete understanding of mechanistic insight of sepsis associated organ dysfunction. Biomarkers present during the body’s response to infection-related inflammation can be used for screening, diagnosis, risk stratification/prognostication, and/or guidance in treatment decision-making. Research on biomarkers in children with sepsis can provide information about the risk of poor outcomes and sepsis-related organ dysfunction. This review focuses on clinically used biomarkers associated with immune dysregulation and organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis, which could be useful for developing precision medicine strategies in pediatric sepsis management in the future.

Impact

  • Sepsis is a complex syndrome with diverse clinical presentations, where organ dysfunction is a key factor in morbidity and mortality.

  • Early detection of organ complications is vital in sepsis management, and potential biomarkers offer promise for precision medicine in pediatric cases.

  • Well-designed studies are needed to identify phase-specific biomarkers and improve outcomes through more precise management.

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Fig. 1: Potential biomarkers and mechanistic link of multiple organ dysfunction and immune dysregulation in pediatric sepsis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply indebted to the contributions of senior author—Dr. Chulathida Chomchai, Professor of Pediatrics, Dean, Mahidol University International College. This work was supported by a Research Chair grant from the National Research Council of Thailand (NC), the Distinguished Research Professor grant from the National Research Council of Thailand (SCC), and the Chiang Mai University Center of Excellence Award (NC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Theerapon Jariyasakoolroj

  2. Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Siriporn C. Chattipakorn & Nipon Chattipakorn

  3. Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Siriporn C. Chattipakorn & Nipon Chattipakorn

  4. Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Siriporn C. Chattipakorn

  5. Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Nipon Chattipakorn

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Theerapon Jariyasakoolroj: conceptualization, data curation, writing - original draft, and writing - review and editing. Nipon Chattipakorn: conceptualization, supervision, data curation, writing - original draft, and writing - review and editing. Siriporn C. Chattipakorn: conceptualization, supervision, data curation, writing - original draft, and writing - review and editing.

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Correspondence to Nipon Chattipakorn.

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Jariyasakoolroj, T., Chattipakorn, S.C. & Chattipakorn, N. Potential biomarkers used for risk estimation of pediatric sepsis-associated organ dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Pediatr Res 97, 2243–2257 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-024-03289-y

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