Fig. 4: Differences in the serum proteome of SGA and AGA infants.

a Volcano plot representing the comparison of differences in cord blood samples from small for gestational age (SGA) infants (n = 10) to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants (n = 21) determined with imputed data, with significantly up-regulated proteins in red and down-regulated proteins in blue. The x-axis represents the log₂ fold-change in protein levels and the y-axis represents the -log₁₀ t-test p-value after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. b Tukey box-and-whisker plot representing the distribution of label-free quantification (LFQ)-intensity levels of all significant proteins in SGA (orange) and AGA (green) infants, including hemopexin (HPX), asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 (ASGR2), bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1), serum amyloid A-4 protein (SAA4), plasma alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA2), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (LCN2) and WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 2 (WFIKKN2). c Tukey box-and-whisker plot representing the distribution of LFQ-intensity levels in SGA (orange) and AGA (green) infants of HPX and SAA4 with the difference in CV and LFQ (effect size) over time on the right. d Differences in trajectories over time after birth. The x-axis represents the difference in abundance (log-fold change) and the y-axis represent the difference in trend over time. The black square represents all proteins within the normal distribution (0.05 ≤ value ≤ 0.95). Significantly up-regulated proteins in cord blood of SGA infants are highlighted in red and down-regulated proteins in blue. e Tukey box-and-whisker plot representing the distribution of LFQ-intensity levels in SGA (orange) and AGA (green) infants of adiponectin (ADIPOQ), haptoglobin (HP; HPR), serum amyloid A-1/2 (SAA1; SAA2) and immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 (IGHA1).